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Amartya Sen

Development as Freedom Translated from english by Michel Bessières. Publication date : September 1, 2000

In Development as Freedom, Amartya Sen offers a general synthesis of his ideas and work. He holds that freedom is the ultimate goal of economic life and the most efficient manner of ensuring general well-being.
The world today is divided not only between rich and poor, but also between those who fear the ravages of unbridled global capitalism and those who live in terror of authoritarian states, which curb individual freedom and private initiative. What can be done to ensure that prosperity will enable everyone to lead the life they wish? Despite the existence of great economic wealth, many citizens are denied the most basic freedoms. These are some of the central questions that Sen addresses in his ambitious work, which continues the reflections of the great economists of previous centuries.
This is a brilliant attempt to reconcile the desire for economic growth with human and ethical demands.

“In this work A. Sen develops the idea that economic development is necessarily dependent on increased freedom. Basing himself on historical examples, a multitude of facts and rigorous analyses, he successfully demonstrates that development is not opposed to freedom, but that it helps to increase it.” Kenneth Arrow, Economics Nobel Prize winner

“In A. Sen the world’s poor have their most inspired and convincing spokesman. The quality of our lives should not be measured by wealth but by freedom: this idea has already revolutionised economic theory and practice.” Kofe Annan, former U.N. secretary general.


Amartya Sen teaches at Trinity College, Cambridge, England. In 1998, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for economics “for his remarkable contribution to several central areas of economics and for opening new avenues of research”. According to the Royal Swedish Academy, “By combining philosophical and economic concepts, he has succeeded in restoring an ethical dimension to the discussions raging around crucial economic issues”.